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This term relates to anyone who is excluded, ignored, or relegated to the outer edge of a group/society/community because of a social identity such as race, gender, or sexual orientation, and consequently needs to understand those in a more powerful position in order to protect themselves.

Fostering an inclusive learning environment means being aware of different social identities in the classroom, paying attention to how this shapes the learning experience, and extending a sense of belonging to all students.

Is an analytic concept which focuses on overlapping systems of inequality. It shows how an individual's experience of discrimination is shaped by multiple social identities, including gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, age, disability, class, country of origin, and so on.

Refers to preferential treatment of one group over another, based on gender. Research suggests that on average, men speak 1.6 times as much as women in college classrooms. They are also more likely to speak without raising their hand, interrupt, or engage in follow-up discussion with lecturers.

Include dyslexia (which affects reading), dysgraphia (which affects writing), and dyscalculia (which affects mathematical calculation). These conditions are characterised by a gap between intellectual capacity and achievement.

An inclusive learning environment is one in which all students feel valued and supported academically, becaust their needs have been anticipated and obstacles to equitable participation have been removed.

For the perpetrator, it’s a single ‘harmless’ incident/remark. For the target, it is typically one of a continuous stream of incidents and remarks. This has a long-term impact on their physical and emotional health.

Are intended or unintended acts of communication (verbal or nonverbal) or behaviour that undermine, belittle, stereotype, or insult those in minority groups. They are based on social characteristics such as gender, race, disability, sexuality, or age.

Is a component of the self that is based on socially constructed (but relatively durable) categories including, but not limited to, nationality, ethnicity, language, and religion. Names are an important marker of cultural identity.

Is an umbrella term that refers to people whose gender identity, expression, or behaviour differs from the sex they were thought to be at birth, or to people whose gender identity is outside the binary of male or female.

Is a person's deeply felt sense of their internal identity as it corresponds to the behavioural, cultural, psychological and social traits associated with that gender, and not the biological characteristics of their sex.

Refer to the legally protected characteristics of gender, marital status, family status, age, (dis)ability, sexual orientation, race, religion, and membership of the Traveller Community, as well as characteristics such as socioeconomic class, nationality and language.

Diversity refers to the array of individual and group differences that exist in a social setting, while inclusion refers to a sense of belonging and feeling respected in that setting.

Racial microaggressions are intended or unintended acts of speech or behaviour that undermine, belittle, stereotype, or insult those in ethnic or racial minority groups.

Even if an individual is not racist, if they fail to recognise or challenge how bias is built into everyday thinking, law, and institutions, they inadvertently enable those biases to continue.

Anyone who because of their race, gender, or age is excluded, ignored, or relegated to the outer edge of a group/society/community, and consequently needs to understand those in a more powerful position to protect themselves.

White people have inherent advantages on the basis of their race, e.g. they are not challenged as they go about their daily business.

Singling out a person for greater scrutiny not because of any reasonable suspicion but because of stereotypes about race, colour, ethnicity, religion or place of origin, or a combination of these.

Include, but are not limited to, recurring thoughts and nightmares, hypervigilance, withdrawing from social situations, declining academic performance, and increased decisions to leave a job.

It is now illegal in Ireland to distribute intimate images of someone without their consent, and to threaten to do so. ‘Distribute’ means the sharing, sending, taking or publishing images or videos of someone.

Image Based Sexual Abuse (or IBSA) is a form of sexual abuse which is defined as the non-consensual creation and/or distribution of private sexual images.

To interrupt and prevent harmful social norms being perpetuated. This can involve standing up/speaking out/not laughing when hearing a sexist or offensive joke or comment/not sharing if it is online.

A woman is treated as a sexual object when she is commented on and touched without her permission. It sends the message that a woman’s appearance is for the pleasure of others, and a woman’s body is not her own.

For the perpetrator, it’s a single ‘harmless’ incident/remark. For the target, it is typically one of a continuous stream of incidents and remarks. This has a long-term impact on their health.